Sweet potatoes are the roots of plants, and potatoes are the stems of plants. When planting them, you just need to cut them into pieces and plant them in the soil. They are asexual reproduction. So they don’t need seeds to be planted, and their seeds are rarely seen. Are they seed plants?
Also, what are the classifications of sweet potatoes and potatoes in the plant kingdom (species, genus, family, order, class, phylum)?
Haha, the question is a bit difficult
No, they are angiosperms
Spermatophyte(s) are the highest group in the plant kingdom. All seed plants have two basic characteristics: (1) they have vascular tissues – phloem and xylem; (2) they can produce seeds and reproduce with seeds. Seed plants can be divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms. The seeds of gymnosperms are naked and have no pericarp. The seeds of angiosperms are covered with pericarp.
Closely related to the appearance of seeds is the production of pollen tubes, which deliver sperm to the side of the egg, so that in this very important link of fertilization, they are no longer restricted by the environment – water. Their sporophytes are well-developed, highly differentiated, and absolutely dominant; in contrast, their gametophytes are extremely simplified and cannot live independently without the sporophyte. Seeds were first produced in the order Spermatophytes in gymnosperms, among which the most primitive fossil seed ferns were found in the Upper Devonian strata. Seed plants and ferns have the same alternation of generations.
Spermatophyte(s) A large classification unit that summarizes all plants that form seeds in their life history. Plants are the most evolved species in the plant kingdom. More than 200,000 species have been differentiated in the world, and they are the main body of green on the earth’s surface today. Existing seed plants are divided into two major categories: gymnosperms and angiosperms. In fact, it refers to the same range as the flowering plants of the classification group based on flowers. However, since there are also ferns that use sporophylls as flowers, the name seed plants is usually used today. However, a few fossil ferns also have seeds. In order to distinguish them, Engler (H.G.A. Engler) called gymnosperms and angiosperms embryos and tubes; on the contrary, mosses and ferns were called embryos and tubes. But this name has not yet been popularized.
Seed
A reproductive body unique to gymnosperms and angiosperms, which is formed by ovules through pollination and fertilization. Seeds generally consist of three parts: seed coat, embryo and endosperm. Some mature seeds of plants only have seed coat and embryo. The formation of seeds allows the young sporophyte embryo to be protected by the mother and to obtain sufficient nutrients like the fetus of a mammal. Seeds also have various structures suitable for spreading or resisting adverse conditions, creating good conditions for the continuation of plant races. Therefore, in the process of plant system development, seed plants can replace ferns to gain an advantageous position. Seeds are closely related to human life. In addition to the daily necessities of grain, oil, and cotton, some medicines (such as almonds), seasonings (such as pepper), beverages (such as coffee, cocoa), etc. come from seeds.
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are the most advanced, most diverse, and most widely distributed group in the plant kingdom. There are more than 10,000 genera and more than 200,000 species of angiosperms known, accounting for half of the plant kingdom. There are more than 2,700 genera and about 30,000 species in my country, which is the group with the most medicinal plants. The fact that there are so many species of angiosperms and such a wide range of adaptability is inseparable from its complex and perfect structure, especially the structure of the reproductive organs and the characteristics of the reproductive process, which give it the internal conditions to adapt to and resist various adverse environments, so that it can continuously produce new mutations and new species in the process of survival competition and natural selection, and occupy an absolute advantage on the earth. Compared with gymnosperms, angiosperms have true flowers, so they are also called flowering plants; the ovules are enclosed in the ovary and are well protected. The fruit formed by the ovary after fertilization not only protects the seeds but also helps the seeds to spread in various ways; they have double fertilization and triploid endosperm. This kind of endosperm is not a simple female gametophyte, but has the characteristics of both parents, which makes the new plant body more vigorous; the sporophyte is highly developed and further differentiated. In addition to trees and shrubs, most of them are herbs; in terms of anatomical structure, there are vessels in the xylem, sieve tubes and companion cells in the phloem, which makes the transport tissue structure and physiological function more perfect. At the same time, in terms of chemical composition, it continues to develop and complicate with the evolution of angiosperms. Angiosperms contain all types of natural compounds and have a variety of physiological activities.
[Edit this section] Classification of angiosperms
Angiosperms are divided into two classes, namely dicots and monocots. Their basic differences are as follows:
Dicots Monocots
Roots Taproot system Fibrous root system
Stems Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring with cambium Vascular bundles are arranged in a scattered manner without cambium
Leaves With reticulate veins With flat or arcuate veins
Flowers The cardinality of each part is 4 or 5 The cardinality of each part is 3
Pollen grains have 3 germination holes Pollen grains have a single germination hole
Embryo With 2 cotyledons With 1 cotyledon
The above differences are not absolute. In fact, there is an interlacing phenomenon. For example, Ranunculaceae, Plantaginaceae, Asteraceae and other dicotyledonous plants have fibrous root systems; Piperaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae and other plants have scattered vascular bundles; Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae have three-cardinality flowers; Nymphaeaceae, Ranunculaceae, Apiaceae, Papaveraceae, Apiaceae and other plants have one cotyledon. Araceae, Liliaceae, Dioscoreaceae and other monocotyledonous plants have reticulate veins; Potamogetonaceae, Liliaceae, Stemonaceae and other plants have four-cardinality flowers
Angiosperms are widely used. Most of human food comes from angiosperms, such as cereals, beans, potatoes, fruits and vegetables. Angiosperms also provide raw materials for construction, papermaking, textiles, plastic products, oil, fiber, sugar, spices, medicine, resin, tannic acid, anesthetics, beverages and other products. Green plants play an important role in regulating air and purifying the environment. It is reported that green plants on the earth can provide tens of billions of tons of precious oxygen every year, and take away tens of billions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air. Therefore, green plants are the material basis for the survival of humans and all animals. Wood can also provide energy for humans. China’s garden plant resources are extremely rich and it is known as the mother of the world’s gardens. Planting flowers has become an important fashion for urban people to beautify the environment, regulate the air and purify the environment. Angiosperms are closely related to human life.
